Unmitigated Surgical Castration in Calves of Different Ages: Electroencephalographic and Neurohormonal Findings
Castration is a common management procedure employed in North American cattle production and is known to cause a pain response.The present study was designed to investigate the effect of unmitigated surgical castration on the electroencephalography (EEG) responses and plasma substance P (SP) concentrations in calves of different ages under the same